Analysis Region: Brazil & Southern Cone

Q&A with Igor Patrick: “The dispute over who processes Brazilian rare earths—not who digs them—will define whether this moment becomes strategic autonomy or just another commodity boom.”

This Q&A is part of the Brazil Program’s ongoing efforts to examine the evolving geopolitical and economic dynamics shaping Brazil’s role in global supply chains, particularly in the context of critical minerals, strategic competition, and Brazil’s relations with the United States and China.

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Santos: “Washington viewed the USTR process as an opportunity for Brazil to make concessions, while Brasilia saw it as a space for reciprocal exchanges”

The director of the Brazil Program, Bruna Santos, participated in O Assunto, g1’s flagship news podcast in Brazil, to discuss the United States Trade Representative’s (USTR) decision to impose a 25 percent tariff on Brazilian imports and what it means for the future of Brazil-U.S. relations.

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Santos: “The era of sweeping tariffs is here to stay, and the private sector will increasingly begin pricing in U.S. tariff risk.”

In an interview with O Globo, Bruna Santos, director of the Brazil Program, discussed the broader implications of the Trump administration’s tariff strategy, arguing that tariffs are increasingly being treated by companies not as temporary trade measures, but as a structural feature of the global business environment.

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USTR Announces Tariff Decision on Brazil—What It Means

On July 15, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) released its final decision following the Section 301 investigation into Brazil, confirming a new 25% tariff on a range of Brazilian products while expanding the list of exemptions from the preliminary proposal issued in June. 

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A Conversation on Key Takeaways from the Congressional Staff Delegation to Brazil

Following the Inter-American Dialogue’s Congressional Staff Delegation to Brazil, the Brazil Program hosted a post-delegation discussion on June 8, 2026, bringing together the participating U.S. congressional staff and the Program’s stakeholders, including representatives from the public, private, and civil society sectors to reflect on the delegation’s main takeaways and the evolving landscape of Brazil-U.S. relations.

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