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As we have seen, over the past decade decentralization of governments has become common throughout Latin America. The education sector is no exception, and there has been a rapid increase in the number of countries implementing significant decentralization reforms (see Figure 1) at the same time, there has been a worldwide trend to give schools greater decision-making autonomy, in the interest if improving school performance and accountability. School systems as diverse as those in Victoria, Australia; Memphis, Tennessee; and Minas Gerais, Brazil, have given authority to school heads, and then through a variety of mechanisms held them responsible for school performance.
