Mark S. Manger, professor of political economy and global affairs in the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto: “The updated agreement eliminates nearly all remaining tariffs, reaffirms Chile’s openness to foreign investment and provides for improvements in Chile’s access to E.U. markets. Given the already very comprehensive two-decade old free trade agreement, these improvements are small. Although much has been made of the chapters on renewable energy sources and mining, it should be noted that crucial sectors such as lithium mining are still very much under Chilean government control, and the authority of the Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear is preserved. The various chapters that are not directly related to trade or investment are intriguing. Governments often use international negotiations to sell policies at home that they would have wanted to implement anyway, but that faced domestic resistance. The new chapter on trade and sustainable development and the language on labor rights and gender equality, among others, are…”