In recent years, poor households and vulnerable populations have been hit by three destabilizing events: the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the effects of climate change. These events not only deepened existing inequalities but exposed the high opportunity costs of business-as-usual that unfairly burdens the poor and leaves countries ill-prepared for system shocks. Participants will discuss desired outcomes of fiscal reform, evidence-based best practices, and next steps to implement an effective green fiscal agenda, along with incentives for formalization, progressive tax design, fairer and more resilient tax structures, and deepened South-South collaboration.